Competitiveness of renewable energies for heat production in individual housing: A multicriteria assessment in a low-carbon energy market

The French energy market is highly reliant on nuclear power. Several factors pressure for a phase-out of this technology, but finding an environmentally and economically competitive substitute not easy. Renewable sources are candidate, full deployment in the residential sector could significantly reduce nuclear-based electricity production France. In paper, we assess multicriteria competitiveness renewable energies heat dwelling. A total 9 solutions combining following systems compared: boilers (electric, biomass or gas-fired), pumps (air-source ground-source) solar panels (solar thermal photovoltaic). Global performance analyzed each solution through energy, exergy, economic, exergoeconomic environmental (5E) multi-criteria analysis considering efficiency, exergy Levelized Cost Of Energy, destruction cost CO2 mitigation. Sensitivity selected indicators with respect to load, investment fuel cost. ground-source pump boiler found be most solutions. It also that temporal mismatch between consumption major drawback solar-driven solutions, especially collectors. One innovations study comparing various criteria. other innovation applying context, which has very high share non-carbon electricity. Results from can generalized OECD countries future conditions, i.e. when their shares become high.